Researchers from various fields have come together to address a pressing issue at the intersection of clinical medicine, AI ethics, and Islamic jurisprudence. They argue that machine learning systems capable of detecting covert consciousness in neurologically injured patients raise questions about the definition of brain death. The authors draw on Islamic legal epistemology to propose three foundational constructs: bayyina (clear evidentiary proof), yaqin (epistemic certainty), and agnosticism about the soul's existence. This work surveys current AI-based consciousness detection methods, maps them onto Islamic scholarship on brain death, and identifies key challenges. The authors also discuss implications for AI decision systems that act in place of humans. --- Why it matters: This research matters to engineers and researchers working on AI because it highlights the need to consider the ethical implications of developing machine learning systems that can detect consciousness in patients with neurological injuries. This work also demonstrates how interdisciplinary approaches, combining clinical medicine, AI ethics, and Islamic jurisprudence, can lead to new insights and challenges. Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.16903