Researchers have reviewed the use of population-based metaheuristics for berth allocation and quay crane assignment problems in port-terminal operations. They found that existing studies are fragmented and lack a unified approach to handling uncertainties such as arrival deviations and resource disruptions. The authors provide a focused review, organizing methods from a mechanism-oriented perspective and presenting a benchmark suite for uncertain BACAP. However, they also identify open challenges related to robustness-aware search design and time-adaptive robustness. --- Why it matters: This matters because berth allocation and quay crane assignment problems are critical in maritime transportation and freight logistics, where uncertainties can significantly impact schedules and operations. The review provides a comprehensive overview of existing methods and identifies areas for future research, which can inform the development of more robust and efficient optimization techniques. Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19214